This is a nice review put together by Dale Drinnon of the present picture of earliest human DNAmigration globally. We presume direction which is completelyreasonable but we still need to be aware of that. Clovis pointsoriginated someplace and there is no point ruling out a trafficreversal over the Bering.
Also it is my contention that DNA flow never really lets up unless anatural cul de sac is established in which population expands insidenatural boundaries. It is the larger population pool that createssome DNA sense of commonality. Otherwise mate exchange is the normand a continuing usually violent process even across distance in atribal world.
Of course the Bering barrier required serious sea going capacity, yetthat was fully available 20,000 years ago and continuously ever sinceuntil the modern era. The real danger would have been the risk ofbeen made a slave by the first village encountered. However we canpresume continuous contact would have obviated that risk.
And that was the last real barrier to human migration that mattered. It likely turned out to be far easier with the same technology tocross the Atlantic.
Human Migrations Map Review
Posted: 19Sep 2012 03:04 PM PDT
http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.ca/
This is a review from a couple of different Wikipedia articles to make it clearer what is ggoing on in those migrations. The earliest ones we know about were going on in Africa before 100000 BC, at which time basically people diffentiated into the types which stayed in Africa, the members of the first Out of Africa movement from before the Toba explosion and the set which would later replace them after the erruption. Both the first wave and the replacement wave headed for India at the arc marked as orange, but most geneticists focus on the main Out of Africa movement after the erruption. The Toba eruption was in the realm of 70-75000 BC. Europe and Northern Asia were colonised in 40-50 thousand BC with similar peoples all across European and Asia at the time. By the end of the period 20-30 thousand years ago (Slighty difference from the chart, the yellow circles), A, B, X and "Other N" have a stronghold in the SE USA and about this same time, B started colonising Japan, and shortly thereafter, there was a transPacific or CircumPacific migration which established C and D in the early Americas. The map shows A,B,C, D and X in the SE USA core area as all in association but they could have come in two waves from two different points of orign: as the haploid DNA Genetic tables below indicate, the A, B and X lines are out of N and of the groups that typically are associated with the other European groups: C, D, and G lines are out of M groups expanding out of the Orient and South Asia. Somehow separately other N-derived groups ended up in New Guinea and Australia, probably derived from other movements from Northern Asia headed southward, and this might have some connection the the Upper Cave Peking Man (Choukoudian)
What is also interesting is that there is a movement into both the Eastern US and into Southeastern Brazil in South America in the period of 12-15000 years ago (10000 to 13000 BC) as shown in the light green circles, which is to say once again from the Atlantic headed inland, as well as a secondary use of the Bering strait at the same time (Evidently being C and D at this time, as well as a movement of some A (possibly also some B) FROM North America back to Siberia, with some of the later, modified-A coming back into North America in the postglacial period of 9000 to 7000 years ago.(7000 to 5000 BC, the last date being near to the Black Sea Flood, which is also the latest date for a Bering land bridge as measured by C14). The moves into and out of Asia again are marked archaeologically when some Siberian finds of Plano (Advanced-Clovis-tradition) are found without any more primitive local predecessors. I am assuming that the "Orange" circles in the Eastern US represent Solutreans having crossed over from Europe, and their foreunners in other stone tool traditions, if any went by the same TransAtlantic route. The Eastern Seaboard dates shown here are in good agreement with the proposed dates for invasions out of Atlantis suggested by Lewis Spence and also with the stepwise increase in Sealevel (or Superfloods) as proposed by Graham Hancock, etc.
World map of human migrations, with the North Pole at center. Africa, harboring the start of the migration, is at the top left and South America at the far right. Migration patterns are based on studies of mitochondrial (matrilinear) DNA.
Numbers represent thousand years before present.
The blue line represents area covered in iceor tundra during the last great ice age.
The letters are the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (pure motherly lineages); Haplogroups can be used to define geneticpopulations and are often geographically orientated.
For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups:
- African: L, L1, L2, L3, L3
- Near Eastern: J, N (Note, N is composed of A,B,F,H,I,J,K,P,R,S,T,U,V,W and X)
- Southern European: J, K
- General European: H, V
- Northern European: T, U, X
- Asian: A, B, C, D, E, F, G (note: M is composed of C, D, E, G, Q and Z)
- Native American: A, B, C, D, N and sometimes X
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Spence
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_of_Extremal_Inundations
http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/lake.html
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005NC/finalprogram/abstract_87246.htm
https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/loope/web/UW_Web_Loope/Website_Template/Loope%20Henry%20Munro.pdf
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/f/freidel/global/372Chapt13Deglaciation.htm
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